1.7 What is a business transaction and how does it relate to the accounting process? Illustrate the concept of a business transaction with five examples relating to a provider of test bank for Chinese therapeutic massages.
A business transaction can be defined as
external exchanges of resources between the entity and another entity or
individual that affects the assets, liabilities and owners’ equity items in an
entity. The accounting process is the identifying, measuring and communicating
of economic information about an entity to a variety of users for
decision-making purposes. The first component of the process is the
identification of business transactions which are then measured and
communicated to the different users of financial reports for test bank is available.
Business transactions for a provider of Chinese
therapeutic massages include the following:
1. The contribution of capital by the owner to
commence the business. This transaction would increase cash (asset) and
increase capital (equity).
2. The purchase of equipment (massage tables,
massage chairs) on credit test bank. This transaction would increase equipment (asset)
and increase creditor (liability).
3. The payment of building rent. This
transaction would decrease cash (asset) and decrease profit (equity).
4. The purchase of office equipment for cash.
This transaction would increase office equipment (asset) and decrease cash
(asset).
5. Withdrawal of business funds by owner. This
transaction would decrease cash (asset) and increase drawings/decrease capital
(equity).
In differentiating between financial accounting
and management accounting it is important to consider the users of financial
information — both internal and external users. Financial accountants prepare
and report information for external users (for example prospective investors or
the tax office) and as such are subjected to regulation from GAAP, the Corporations
Act and in some cases the ASX through their Listing Rules. Management accountants are concerned with the effective use of an
entity’s resources, and in so doing assist the manager/s (i.e. internal users)
of the entity in achieving their goal of enhancing customer and shareholder
value. Therefore the management reports generated need to be up to date to be
effective. Regulation in management accounting is much less formal and in some
areas rules are basically non-existent. Ultimately there will be interaction
between the financing accounting and management accounting areas. The
information provided by management accountants will provide information for
internal users that will be reflected in the financial reports used by the
external users. See Table 1.3, page 10, for a detailed list of the differences
between textbook solutions financial and management accounting.
1.9 Describe how accounting information helps shareholders
and lenders to make decisions concerning the operations and performance of the
entity.
Users of accounting information (both internal
and external) require accounting information to assist them in the decision
making process. External users
such as investors, employees, banks, suppliers, government agencies (e.g. ATO)
all have their own specific information needs. A potential investor will
require past profits and future profit projections, as well as future growth
prospects, to determine if the entity is a good investment proposition or not. Lenders
will be seeking details of the level of risk it is exposing itself to by
lending money to the entity plus the prospects of the entity repaying its’
debt textbook solutions is also available.
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